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China and South Korea have established joint ventures with foreign countries to receive high-speed railway technology transfer, then develop their own technology.

To implement the high-speed railway project, the Ministry of Transport has sent many delegations to learn from foreign experiences, paying special attention to Vietnam receiving technology transfer to move towards mastery. Mr. Tran Thien Canh, Director of Vietnam Railways, shared some models.

In China, the first high-speed railway line is Beijing - Shanghai, 1,318 km long, started in 2008, completed in 2011, initially operating at a speed of 300 km/h. To receive technology transfer from abroad, the Chinese Ministry of Railways assigned two domestic enterprises to establish joint ventures with foreign countries.

Initially, the Ministry of Railways ordered the production of 140 trains on the condition that the enterprise had to register its business in China and receive technology transfer to manufacture trains with a speed of 200 km/h from abroad. Foreign partners including Nippon - Hitachi (Japan), Alstom (France), Siemens (Germany) and Bombardier (Canada) joined a joint venture with Chinese companies to produce trains.

The Beijing - Shanghai high-speed railway line has been completely operated by domestically produced trains. The localization rate increased from 30% to 70% by the end of 2009. After many years of research, in 2017, China developed the Fuxing train, a Chinese standard train line, reaching advanced world standards, demonstrating the progress in China's railway technology.

According to Mr. Canh, China received high-speed railway technology transfer from many countries to apply and develop into its own technology. However, the country has unified a type of train using distributed power generation (EMU) and a communication system using GMS-R waves.

China is now aiming to export railway technology to the world, having signed contracts to build high-speed railways in Laos, Türkiye, Venezuela, Argentina, etc.

High-speed train passes Mount Fuji.

South Korea has planned to build its first high-speed railway line from Seoul to Busan, a 412-km line, since 1994. The country has received high-speed train technology transfer from France, appointed a number of large industrial groups to form a consortium of contractors, and asked France to sign a contract with this enterprise to transfer technology.

South Korea has identified core technology to be transferred, including vehicles, signal information, and power supply systems. The country has set a transfer target with the core technology group being domestically produced at more than 50% in the initial stage, then increased to more than 95%. In addition, provisions are also made to ensure the right to domestically produce and sell these products and the right to bring these products to foreign markets.